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RHD 유전자검사로 확진된 Partial D type VI-3 증례
A Case of Partial D Type VI-3 Confirmed by RHD Genotyping
1성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 진단검사의학과
2성균관대학교 삼성융합의과학원 융합의과학과
1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Lab Med Online 2020; 10(4): 326-329
Published October 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.47429/lmo.2020.10.4.326
Copyright © The Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine.
Keywords
RhD (이하 D) 혈액형은 ABO 혈액형 다음으로 임상적으로 중요한 혈액형이다. 안전한 수혈을 위해서는 공여자와 환자의 정확한 D 혈액형 검사가 필수적이다. 그런데, 일부 D 변이형은 혈청학적 검사법으로는 D 혈액형을 정확하게 규명할 수 없어
이에 저자들은 혈청학적으로 약한 D 발현을 보인 검체에서 혈청학적 검사만으로는 정확하게 부분-D 유형을 규명할 수 없었지만,
64세 여자 환자가 미세혈관 신경감압술을 받기 위해 입원하였다. K2-EDTA 튜브의 정맥혈 검체로 자동화 장비(QWALYS-3 system; DIAGAST, Loos Cedex, France)로 실시한 혈액형검사에서 O형이었고, 항-D에는 음성이었다. D 혈액형에 대한 추가 분석을 위해 실시한 RhCE 표현형검사(anti-C, -c, -E 및 -e, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, High Wycombe, UK)는 Cce형이었다. D 혈액형 검사를 Anti-D SIHDIA 시약(Shinyang Diagnostics, Siheung, Korea)을 사용하여 시험관법으로 재검하여 응집반응이 없음을 확인하였고, 이어서 추가로 2개의 제조사의 항-D 시약(Bioscot; Merck Milli-pore, Watford, UK 및 Bioclone; Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA)으로 실시한 약-D 검사에서 각각 4+, 3+였다. 이후 잔여 검체로 추가로 실시한 9개의 다른 클론으로 제조한 항-D 시약으로 실시한 부분-D 검사에서 P3X21223B10 클론에서 제작한 시약에서만 응집을 보이고, 나머지는 응집이 관찰되지 않았다. 다양한 clone의 시약으로 실시한 D typing, 약-D 검사 및 부분-D 검사결과와 시약에 대한 정보를 Table 1에 정리하였다.
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Table 1 . Summary of RhD typing, weak D test and partial D test performed by various anti-D reagents and information on corresponding epitopes and clones (types)
Tests Methods Reactivity (patient) DVI Brand Epitope Clone (type) RhD typing Tube - NI SIHDIA NI TH-28 (IgM), MS-26 (IgG) Microplate - NI QWALYS NI P3X61(IgM) Weak D test Tube 4+ NI Merck Millipore NI TH-28 (IgM), MS-26 (IgG) 3+ NI Ortho NI NI Partial D† test Tube - - Diagast epD2 P3X249 (IgG) -* +/- epD3 P3X290 (IgG) - - epD5 P3X241 (IgG) - - P3X35 (IgG) - - epD6 HM10 (IgM) - - HM16 (IgG) - - P3X61 (IgM) - - epD8 P3X21211F1 (IgM) 4+ + epD9 P3X21223B10 (IgM) *According to Ye et al., RHDVI type 3 can have trace or negative reactivity against P3X290 clone [23].
†Partial RhD category was detected with the D-Screen Diagast kit, which consisted of 9 monoclonal anti-D antibodies specific for the most common categories of partial D (DII, DIIIa, DIIIb, DIIIc, DIVa, DIVb, DVa, DVI, DVII, DFR, DBT, DHAR, and DHMi).
D 변이형의 유형을 확인하기 위해
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Figure 1. The blue boxes and the white boxes represent
RHD andRHCE exons 1-10, respectively. The arrows indicate negative PCR amplification ofRHCE exons 3-6, which suggests RHD*DVI.3.
부분-D형은 약-D형 및 DEL형과 함께 D 변이형의 대표적인 유형이다. 이는 초기에는 “blood factors”, 이후에는 “mosaics”라고도 불렸지만, 1984년 Salmon 등에 의해 “부분-D (partial D)형”으로 명명되어 현재까지 사용되고 있다[6]. 최근에는 부분-D형과 약-D형의 정확한 감별이 어려운 경우가 있으니 ‘D 변이형’으로 통합하여 사용되기도 한다[7].
부분-D형은 항-D 시약에 대한 적혈구응집반응이 항-D 시약의 클론의 종류에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 이러한 특징은
부분-D형의 대부분은
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